Themes in Native American Tricksters

Chapter by chapter guide Abstract Introduction Conclusion Works Cited Abstract Although the Native American swindler stories are short and simple, every story epitomizes a whole lifestyle. At the point when placed in their scholarly setting, the conventionality of the narratives really conveys further implications. Despite the fact that the Native American individuals don't share a brought together assemblage of folklore, all the distinctive cheat stories pass on life exercises of morals and standards of conduct. On this, almost all the swindler stories among the Native American individuals convey similar subjects and plot elements.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Themes in Native American Tricksters explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This perspective makes the insidious yet blessed Trickster a key figure in the Native American oral convention. Regardless of whether the character is the shriveled elderly person Coyote of the Crow clan s, Raven in the Indian legend or even Wakdjunkaga of the Winnebago, the accounts is by all accounts composed from a similar content. This examination paper looks at a portion of the significant topics and plot components found in Native American swindler stories. Presentation Although the Native American swindler accounts are short and straightforward, every story embodies a whole lifestyle. At the point when placed in their abstract setting, the modesty of the narratives really conveys further implications. Despite the fact that the Native American individuals don't share a brought together group of folklore, all the diverse swindler stories pass on life exercises of morals and standards of conduct. On this, about all the swindler stories among the Native American individuals convey similar subjects and plot components. This angle makes the shrewd yet blessed Trickster a key figure in the Native American oral custom. Regardless of whether the character is the shriveled elderly pers on Coyote of the Crow clans, Raven in the Indian legend or even Wakdjunkaga of the Winnebago, the accounts is by all accounts composed from a similar content. This exploration paper looks at a portion of the significant topics and plot components found in Native American cheat stories. (Smith) One topic that is practically prevailing in all the American Trickster stories is Sacrifice. This is brought out in the circumstance where various characters perform magnanimous acts implied to help the entire society. In practically all the tales, there are cases where a specific character leaves on a perilous strategic is intended to profit the entire network. The repeat of this topic is intended to cause individuals to think about what they can accomplish to help humankind. (Babcock-Abrahams 150) In the story of Coyote and the Monster that is educated among the Navajo, Coyote is distressed after discovering that the beast has eaten every one of his companions. In spite of the fact that the beast can't eat him, Coyote doesn't unwind yet rather he devises an approach to free his companions. The beast chooses to persuade Coyote to remain at his home as a visitor. The ever-shrewd Coyote tells the beast that he would be glad to be his visitor yet first looks for consent to visit his companions. Without thinking about the risk in question, Coyote goes inside the monster’s stomach where he cuts the monster’s heart and he can free his companions. Coyote’s activity is a benevolent demonstration that everybody in the general public ought to imitate on the off chance that we are genuinely ready to support humankind. (Babcock-Abrahams 160)Advertising Looking for research paper on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another story that bears the topic of penance is the one educated among the Karok clan on how Coyote took fire. In this story, Coyote is a soul being who is caught up with do ing his standard tasks when he sees how men who have quite recently appeared on the scene have issues during winter. During this period, the youngsters and matured individuals for the most amazing of the chilly climate. Being a soul being, Coyote needn't bother with anything to warm himself throughout the winter season. At some point, Coyote happens to be going close to a human town when he hears ladies grieving their youngsters who have passed on throughout the winter. Moved by empathy, Coyote chooses to enable the ladies to get fire from the searing Fire Beings. Ignoring the creatures red hot nature, Coyote leaves on a hazardous strategic get the fire. He rallies the help of different creatures and together they devise a method of taking the fire from these creatures. Simultaneously, the included creatures wind up languishing over their activities however they can accomplish their central goal. At last, man can have fire for warming himself throughout the winter season and his you ngsters and the matured prevent biting the dust from the virus. This is a finished demonstration of penance since the creatures that help in getting the fire don't remain to profit by the entire strategic. (Babcock-Abrahams 166) Another focal topic in numerous Native American stories is culture saints and transformers. In pretty much every story, a culture legend changes the world into a perfect spot and in particular shows individuals how to live. The job of such a character is to help individuals in trouble and to show them exercises on ethical quality and even to make things out of nothingness. The significance of this topic is maybe to show how pioneers can help in carrying change to the general public. An exemplary case of this subject is the Wishram story that discloses how Eagle attempted to prevent individuals from biting the dust until the end of time. After the demise of his youngsters, Eagle and Coyote set out on an excursion to recover their dead kids and forever stop th e aches of death. By thinking carefully, Eagle prevails with regards to murdering Moon and saves the dead individuals. In any case, Coyote’s over excited nature devastates the arrangement and the outcome is that individuals wind up passing on until the end of time. Despite the fact that Eagle flops in his crucial, story is a great case of social chivalry and eagerness to acquire change the world. This topic is likewise present in the Navajo adaptation where Coyote thinks carefully to end the beast that has murdered his companions. (Babcock-Abrahams 170)Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Themes in Native American Tricksters explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another topic that is repetitive in all American Trickster stories is that of valiance. It takes fortitude for Coyote in the Navajo account to murder the beast and free the individuals. This topic is rehashed in the Karok story where Coyote stands up to the Fire Beings who wa tch their fire all through to keep it from being taken by people. In spite of the clear peril, Coyote realizes that in the event that he neglects to get the fire, individuals will continue passing on during the virus seasons. This subject is likewise present among the Menomini individuals where the Hell-jumper cautions different flying creatures that Manabozho was executing their companions. The Hell-jumper does this paying little mind to the danger of creating red eyes for disrupting the norm. In any case, his valiance saves different flying creatures from the wickedness Manabozho. (Radin 33) Although Native America has various people groups and dialects, numerous components of folklore are shared over the various districts. A male typically plays the character of the Trickster and his fundamental obligation is to show individuals the manner in which they ought to go. By and large, the cheat wants to disrupt individuals and make issue. In many stories, the cheat is introduced as a legend and he pulls tricks that at long last assistance the entire network. A model is the place Coyote takes fire to profit people without himself profiting in any capacity. Another story is the place â€Å"Trickster† camouflages himself as a lady to guarantee that his companions don't abandon a supper. Another story from the Northwest Coast district clarifies how a specific boss took all the light, diving the entire universe into murkiness. Utilizing guile, a raven flew into the land masked as a seed and later figured out how to take the sun guaranteeing that individuals got backdrop illumination. This shows a consistency in plot component portrayal in all the narratives. (Radin 37) Conclusion Although there are diverse Native American Trickster stories, dominant part of them convey similar subjects. These swindler stories have been instructed orally through the ages and they have figured out how to keep up their unique message. The subjects that are generally regular in th e accounts incorporate the topic of grit, magnanimity and change. These subjects are by and large valuable in making a prosperous society. This maybe clarifies why these stories have kept on being applicable even in our cutting edge society. The consistency of the subjects in all the stories can be utilized to delineate the harmony of the American society.Advertising Searching for research paper on american writing? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Works Cited Babcock-Abrahams, Barbara. A Tolerated Margin of Mess: The Trickster and His Tales Reconsidered. Diary of the Folklore Institute, vol. 11, 1975: 147-186. Print. Radin, Paul. The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. New York: Greenwood Press, 1969, 30-40. Print. Smith, Jennifer. Africa Native American Trickster Folktales, 2005. Web. This examination paper on Themes in Native American Tricksters was composed and presented by client Jameson Bell to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Suicide Person Essays - Abnormal Psychology, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Self destruction Person So in what manner can the doctor decide when a patient ought to be analyzed as discouraged or self-destructive? Earthy colored (1996) recommended the most ideal approach to analyze is to screen out the helpless gatherings of kids and young people for the hazard variables of self destruction and afterward allude them for treatment. Some of these chance components incorporate verbal indications of self destruction inside the last three months, earlier endeavors at self destruction, sign of extreme temperament issues, or inordinate liquor and substance misuse. Numerous doctors will in general consider misery as an ailment of adulthood. Actually, Brown (1996) expressed that it was distinctly in the 1980's that disposition issue in kids were remembered for the classification of analyzed mental ailments. In reality, 7-14% of youngsters will encounter a scene of significant misery before the age of 15. An normal of 20-30% of grown-up bipolar patients report having their first scene prior to the age of 20. In an examining of 100,000 teenagers, a few thousand will have state of mind issue out of which 8-10 will end it all (Brown, 1996). Blackman (1995) commented that the self destruction rate for young people has expanded over 200% in the course of the most recent decade. Earthy colored (1996) included that an assessed 2,000 youngsters for every year end it all in the United States, making it the main source of death after mishaps and crime. Blackman (1995) expressed that it isn't phenomenal for youngsters to be engrossed with issues of mortality and to examine the impact their demise would have on close family furthermore, companions. When it has been resolved that the immature has the illness of melancholy, what should be possible about it? Blackman (1995) has recommended two fundamental roads to treatment: psychotherapy and prescription. most of the instances of immature gloom are mellow and can be managed through a few psychotherapy meetings with extreme tuning in, counsel and consolation. Comorbidity isn't strange in young people, and conceivable pathology, including nervousness, over the top habitual issue, learning incapacity or consideration shortfall hyperactive turmoil, ought to be scanned for and treated, if present (Blackman, 1995). For the more extreme instances of discouragement, particularly those with steady side effects, medicine might be vital and without pharmaceutical treatment, burdensome conditions could raise and become deadly. Earthy colored (1996) included that notwithstanding the sort of treatment picked, it is significant for youngsters experiencing temperament issue to get quick treatment in light of the fact that beginning stage places kids at a more serious hazard for different scenes of misery all through their life expectancy. Until as of late, juvenile melancholy has been generally disregarded by wellbeing experts however now a few methods for conclusion and treatment exist. Albeit most young people can effectively ascend the pile of passionate what's more, mental impediments that lie in their ways, there are some who find themselves overpowered and brimming with pressure. By what means can guardians and companions help out these pained youngsters? What's more, what can these teenagers do about their steady and serious pitiful states of mind? With the assistance of educators, school advisors, emotional wellness experts, guardians, and other caring grown-ups, the seriousness of a high schooler's gloom can not exclusively be precisely assessed, yet plans can be made to improve their prosperity and capacity to completely connect with life.

Report Reveals High Cost of Indiana Payday Loans - OppLoans

Report Reveals High Cost of Indiana Payday Loans - OppLoans Report Reveals High Cost of Indiana Payday Loans Report Reveals High Cost of Indiana Payday LoansInside Subprime: October 23, 2019By Grace AustinA new report shows what price Indiana residents are paying for payday loans.  Payday lenders have paid $322 million in finance charges over the past five years. That’s according to the Indiana Institute for Working Families and the Indiana Assets Opportunity Network, which released .Payday loans are legal in the state, but were once more tightly regulated. In 1971, Indiana’s legislature introduced a loansharking statute >that made it a felony to charge an interest rate of more than 72%, or double the 36% annual percentage rate cap.A 2002 exemption passed by the Indiana General Assembly allowed payday lenders to charge APRs of almost 400 percent. Under current law, borrowers can obtain a loan for 20 percent of their monthly gross income and up to $605, with finance charges that range from 15% of the first $250 to 10 percent for amounts over $400. The loan terms have to be at least two weeks, too.There are several key points from the report. While online payday lending has grown tremendously throughout the country as many states crack down on short-term lending, there are still more than 250 payday loan storefronts across Indiana. Those stores are run by 29 payday lending companies, and five of those licensed entities operate a majority of them. On top of that, out-of-state companies operate more than 85 percent of those storefronts.Three counties in particular are home to a third of all the storefronts in the state: Marion, Lake and Allen counties. More specifically, Indiana payday loan storefronts are concentrated in places where people of color and low-income people live.And low-income people are also the ones taking out the most loans â€" the average borrower has an annual income of under $20,000 and is characterized as “working, but struggling to keep up with bills,” by the report.The typical payday loan borrower also is prone to reborrowing â€" eight to ten times specifically. That means that they’re paying much more in fees than the original amount they took out. And those borrowers’ cycle of debt and payday loans is apparent: the report said 60 percent of payday loans are reborrowed on the same day that the previous loan was paid off, and 82 percent are reborrowed within 30 days.“By lending to borrowers who cannot afford to repay the loan and still meet their other expenses, lenders can reap the benefits of loan churn,” according to the report. “Meanwhile, borrowers are more likely to experience overdraft fees, bank account closures, difficulty paying bills, decreased job performance, and bankruptcy.”The Indiana Institute for Working Families also pointed to a poll indicating support of a 36% interest APR cap: nearly 90% of Indiana voters surveyed by Bellwether Research Consulting said they support such efforts. Overall, 75 percent of voters say they wouldn’t want a new payday loan storefront opening up in their n eighborhood. The statistics show that support for legislation is there â€" if only legislators can get behind such efforts.Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including Chicago, Illinois, Texas, and more.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn

The Execution Of Willie Trottie - 1517 Words

Introduction All countries on the planet either have capital punishment or have had it at one time. The death penalty is utilized as a part of most cases to rebuff the individuals who infringed upon the laws or models that were anticipated from them. Executions basically infuse more brutality into an officially antagonistic American culture. This paper will discuss the execution of Willie Trottie . Willie Trottie Willie Trottie, black, poor, abandoned at a young age by an alcoholic mother, and victim of abuse started dating Barbara Canada in 1989 and and soon thereafter began living together and had a child. In September 1992, Willie and Barbara separated and she moved in with her family. After some time, the relationship soured. Willie†¦show more content†¦All of his subsequent appeals in state and federal court were denied. Willie Trottie was executed by lethal injection on September 10, 2014 for the murders of Barbara and Titus Canada. Willie asked for forgiveness serval times before he was executed. His final words were â€Å"I love you all; I’m going home, going to be with the Lord. Find it in your hearts to forgive me. I’m sorry.† As the lethal dose of the powerful sedative pentobarbital took effect, he closed his eyes and breathed quietly. After about eight breaths, he opened his mouth to exhale, and then closed it. Why Death? A life sentence is sufficient deterrent, and many would argue more so than the death penalty. There is no evidence that countries that still apply the death penalty have lower crime rates, in fact the opposite seems to be true with the US. The greatest deterrent in crime is the fear of getting caught, not the resultant punishment. If criminals knew that they would get caught and would have to spend a long time in a prison that would make them think twice. If they can be confident that they won t get caught, even though the punishment is a death sentence, some would take the chance. Countries with effective criminal justice systems, catching people early before they descend into worse and worse offending have the lowest crime, not contries with the harshest penalties. Willie Trottie is a case in point. As a society we will do better to learn about him, what he did, what

Top Signs of Domestication in Animals

Using Named Examples, Examine the Extent to Which the...

Using named examples, examine the extent to which the development gap occurs within countries as well as globally. 1) Introduction The development gap refers to the financial and social disparity between the poorest and wealthiest in society. Where economic indicators are low, social indicators are often also low, whereas the wealthiest countries also enjoy better healthcare and education. This gap has been widening for decades and is at its widest today. The poor are not necessarily getting poorer; in fact nearly everybody has seen an improvement in quality of life over the last 20 years. The reason the gap is widening is because the richest are getting richer and having their quality of life improve at a far quicker rate. 2)†¦show more content†¦The liberalisation of their markets and the mobilisation of 1 billion workers allowed huge wealth to be generated and huge disparities to develop. The biggest differences in China are between rural and urban areas, particularly between the megacities of the East and the ethnic rural areas of the East (Including Tibet), culturally there are huge differences wit h the Han Chinese having far more opportunities and wealth. The restrictions in China on rural to urban migration mean that rural dwellers do not have the same opportunities as those in the cities. China as a result has the largest disparity between its citizens, both economically and socially, It’s not just NIC’s that have huge disparities in wealth, MEDC’s such as the USA also suffer from widespread disparity, this was clearly seen during Hurricane Katrina where the majority of the dead were poorer Afro Caribbean communities who did not have access to education, information or basic transport. This is a problem across America where those who can engage with ‘The American Dream’ have access to huge wealth and opportunity but those born into poor areas statistically stay poor. 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Legal Principles Contract Act

Question: 1. Connor urgently needed cash. So he decided to sell his car by parking it outside his house with a notice on the windscreen stating: For sale. Excellent condition-one owner. $26,000 or nearest offer. Please call here at my home number 48 or phone 100 333 only. On Monday at 9am Dolly saw the car but decided not to stop as she was late for work. She phoned from work and told Connor that she would give him $23,000 for his car. Connor said he would consider it. Eileen saw the car and called at number 48 on Monday at 11am. However, the only person there was Connors daughter, Hetti. Eileen wrote a note saying: Monday 11.05 am. Please keep the car for me. Here is my cheque for $26,000Eileen. Hetti left the note on Connors desk in his study. On Monday afternoon Connor decided to sell the car to Dolly for $23,000. He posted a letter at 2.30pm that day to Dollys business address stating: I agree to sell you my car on your terms. This letter was received by Dolly on Wednesday at 10am. At 4.30pm on Monday Connor read Eileens note. He immediately phoned Dollys business address and left a message on her recorded answering service: Ignore my letter that you will receive the deal for my car is off. Dolly was away on business and listened to the recorded message only on Wednesday evening at 8pm. At 2.15pm on Monday Fiona saw the notice on the car and hurriedly posted a letter stating that she would buy the car for the price of $26,000. She sent a cheque with the letter and posted the letter just in time for the 3.30pm postal collection. Unfortunately, as Fiona failed to address the letter correctly it arrived only on Friday. Advise: a.Connor b.Dolly c.Eileen, and d.Fiona of their legal rights and obligations in relation to the above matters. You are required to support your answer by reference to relevant legal authority. 2. Dan took his dinner suit and his wifes silk dress to the Toff Dry Cleaners, a firm his family used whenever they had dry cleaning to be done. He was handed a docket and as usual he placed it in his wallet without reading it. When Dan called to collect the clothing he was told that his dinner suit was missing and his wifes silk dress was badly stained. No explanation was given about the stained dress. However, one of the assistants recalled handing the dinner suit to a customer who had apparently lost his docket but was able to identify the dinner suit when allowed to sort through the rack of dry cleaned clothing awaiting collection by customers. Dan demanded compensation but the owner of Toff Dry Cleaners referred Dan to a clause on the docket which read: We will not be liable for any loss or damage to clothing left for cleaning. The owner also pointed to a sign at the back of the shop which had been displayed there for some time. The sign said: We take all care in the dry cleaning of our customers clothing but we regret we cannot take any responsibility for loss or damage however caused. Dan protested that he had never read the sign or the docket. 1.Advise Dan whether he is entitled to compensation from Toff Dry Cleaners. 2.Would it make any difference if Dan had noticed the clause on the docket and theassistant had said: That excludes liability for damage to buttons and zippers(2 marks) 3.ASSUME that Dan is entitled to compensation for the loss of his dinner suit and the stainedsilk dress. He now tells you that because of what has happened his wife has sufferedemotional distress because the dress was a family heirloom. He also tells you that he andhis wife had to hire, at considerable expense, a dinner suit and a dress for a formal occasionbecause of the loss and damage. Answer: 1. Issue Offer advice to some individuals i.e. Connor, Dolly, Eileen and Flora in light of the facts involved along with the applicable legal principles. Law To execute a legally valid contract, it is mandatory to have a lawful agreement in place. An agreement of such nature would involve a valid offer from the offeror and a valid acceptance from the offeree. Besides, it is required that the acceptance offered should be unconditional or else It may amount to a counter offer (Carter, 2012). Further, it is required to understand the difference between an offer and an invitation to treat. Various advertisements in order to inform the audience about the good being put to sale does not amount to an offer but amounts to only an invitation to treat. Since there is no offer communicated through the advertisement, hence acceptance on the part of the other party would not amount to the execution of a contract. This understanding is derived from the Partridge v Crittenden[1968] verdict. In this case, an advertisement was placed to communicate sale regarding certain protected birds. This advertisement formed the basis of a charge against the advertiser when he was not able to fulfil the promise. The matter went to court where it the court clarified that the advertisement amounted to an invitation to treat and hence no contract has been formed (Lindgren, 2011). Additionally, the opinion given by Lord Parker is relevant in this regard as he advocates that if advertisements were to b e regarded as offers, it would be in violation of business sense as a host of people may give acceptance due to which the obligation on the owner may well exceed the quantity of good owned by the person floating the advertisement (Pathinayake, 2014). Further, it is imperative that the acceptance must be given before the offer expiry. It is right of the offeror to withdraw offer till the time acceptance is given to the offer. In this regards, mental acceptance without communication to the offeror is incomplete and does not constitute acceptance in accordance with the Bressan v Squires [1974] case (Gibson Fraser, 2014). There are various mediums in which acceptance can be communicated to the offeror. One of these is through post and since there is a time delay in this medium, hence certain rules are pivotal with regards to postal contracts (Pendleton Vickery, 2005). The validity of postal offer is related to the time of receipt of post by the offeree. The validity of postal acceptance happens when the post is mailed with no regards to the time of the actual receipt. The above understanding is derived from the verdict of the Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise(1957) 98 CLR 93 case (Carter, 2012). Application To apply the above principles, the case facts need to be highlighted as shown below. Case facts There was an advertisement floated by Connor which indicated that he wanted to sell his car. This advertisement contained the consideration expected along with relevant contract details. Dolly saw the advertisement and expressed her desire to procure the car for $ 23,000. Connor did not give an acceptance but assured that he would keep the same in mind. Another customer Eileen contacted Connor at 11 am with an offer of $ 26,000 and left a note with her daughter in this regard. Connor sent an acceptance to Dolly at 2:30 pm through a postal letter. After he had sent this letter to Dolly, he got hold of the note left by Eileen and hence called to withdraw the acceptance but since Dolly was not available, his message was received by her only after couple of days. Further, Fiona was also interested in buying the car and at 2:15 pm posted a $ 26,000c cheque for Connor but due to the address being misprinted, it was received only four days later. Application of Law Based on the legal principles discussed above, it is clear that Connor through the advertisement does not communicate an offer but rather an invitation to treat whereby the aim is to invite offers and choose the best offer. The legal positions of given parties is discussed below. Dolly A valid offer was extended by $ 23,000 to the owner using correct means of communication. Acceptance to offer by Dolly was offered by Connor when he posted the letter that afternoon. In line with postal contract rules, acceptance becomes effective at the same moment when the letter indicating acceptance is sent to the offeror. Thus, in the afternoon on Monday, Connor and Dolly executed a valid contract with regards to the sale of displayed car. Later effort made by Connor to cancel the contract would not be valid until Dolly agrees for the same which is not the case here. Eileen A valid offer was made with a consideration of $ 26,000. Although Connors daughter left a note containing Eileens message, but this was read by Connor only after he had communicated acceptance to Dolly. Since the car was already sold before acceptance could be given by Connor, hence there is no enforceable contract between Eileen and Connor. Fiona An offer was made by her to buy the given car by extending $ 23,000 to the owner. This offer was communicated to Connor using postal medium. As per the information extended, Connor received this mail only on Friday. Hence, as per postal contract rules, the offer came into force on Friday but the car was sold only on Monday. Since the car was already sold before offer could be made to Connor, hence there is no enforceable contract between Eileen and Connor. On the basis of the above discussion, it may be concluded that Connor and Dolly have executed a legal contract in regards to the displayed car. To discharge the contractual obligations, Dolly should offer $ 23,000 to Connor and in turn Connor should turn the possession of his car to Dolly. In case, any of the two fails to comply with their respective obligations, then the result would be in breach of contract and legal implications for the non-compliant party. Conclusion There is valid contract for car sale between Dolly and Connor and both parties should comply with their respective obligations to avoid legal implications. The other parties merely made an offer but failed to get an acceptance from Connor. 2.Part (a)Issue Bases on the case facts, the aim is to advice on the prospects of Dan being successful in receiving compensation from Toff Dry Cleaners. Law With regards to the terms that are mentioned on the receipt, three conditions should be ascertained in order for the court to take cognizance of these. The conditions are as mentioned below. The contract terms must be notified either during the contract execution or before that as has been highlighted in the verdict of Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel[1949] case (Lindgren, 2011). Under one condition the above rule is not obeyed i.e. when the parties involved in the contract have had past dealings and on account of these the terms are implied even without stating (Carter, 2012). The document that contains the terms must be intended towards initiation of contractual relations between the party as indicated through the verdict of Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council[1940] case. The summary of the above case judgement that receipt is not a proper document for documenting the clauses of the contract and should be instead stated on a worthy document (Latimer, 2005). Reasonable measures must be undertaken by the party to bring these terms to other partys notice as evident in the verdict of the Parker v South Eastern Railway Company[1877] case. This case highlighted that the party entrusted with the task of receipt issuance is responsible for undertaking reasonable efforts to make the other party aware with the terms. However, in case even after these efforts, the other party may not go through the conditions but then the terms would be enforceable (Gibson Fraser, 2014). A case worth mentioning is the Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951]. The wedding dress was given by defendants for cleaning and the a receipt was signed while the plaintiffs assistance communicated that there would not be any liability on the part of the cleaner for damage caused to beads and sequins. The assistant had miscommunicated the clause which in actuality absolved the cleaner of all liability in case of any cloth getting damage. The dress got damaged and the courts ruling was that damages be paid by defendant due to miscommunication by assistant (Lindgren, 2011). Also, tort law plays a critical role in commercial transactions as well since the negligible behaviour is not acceptable and inclusion of an exemption clause in the receipt does not indemnify the party of such behaviour. Even if the applicability of the exemption clause is confirmed by meeting all criteria, liability cannot be escaped under the guise of exemption clause in cases of negligent behaviour as reasonable care is expected (Davenport Parker, 2014). Application Dan offers clothes to the cleaner and receives the docket without reading the same, When at the scheduled date, he came for receipt of cleaned clothes, the drycleaner could not find his suit and there were heavy staining of the silk dress which belonging to his wife. Compensation was asked for by Dan but the owner of the shop indicated to exemption clause contained on the back side of the docket. The exemption clause indemnified the cleaner from any loss or damage to the clothes. Dan claimed that he was not aware of this clause and had not read it. On the basis of the discussion in the above section, it may be stated that Dan should get compensation from the owner of the shop. This is because the loss of Dans suit happened because of negligent behaviour by the staff who offered Dans suit to other client whose docket had misplaced. Adequate cross verification was not done. Further, with regards to silk dress getting stained, the exemption clause would not be applicable as reasonable efforts by the dry cleaner have not been taken to draw Dans attention to the exemption clause and despite past dealings, he was unaware about the existence of the same. Now if the Dan was aware about the exclusion clause, then also he would be successful in drawing compensation from the cleaner. Dans suit has been lost due to negligence which is evident that adequate cross verification was not done. There is a tacit duty to care on the cleaner with regards to clothes of customers and this duty has not been adhered to by the cleaner. Thus, Dan is entitled to compensation for the suit. Regarding the silk dress also, Dan is entitled for compensation as the assistant has wrongly stated the exemption clause. Thus, in accordance with the Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co case, Dan can claim compensation in this case also. In accordance with the legal principles driving tort law, the drycleaner has a duty to care towards the clothes handed over by the customers. It is evident based on the given facts the negligence on account of the drycleaner is the main reason for the damage caused to the dress. Further, due to the negligent behaviour by the drycleaner, inconvenience caused to the customers will have to be borne by the negligent party only. This in in line with the basic principle that damage could have been prevented had the party not breached duty to care. Thus, if the drycleaner was not negligent in its conduct, this damage caused to Dan and his wife would not have taken place (Davenport Parker, 2014). Hence, expenses involved in dress hiring can be claimed and the drycleaner would need to compensate Dan for this damage caused. References Carter, J. (2012), Contract Act in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications, Davenport, S. and Parker, D. (2014), Business and Law in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. (2014), Business Law, Sydney: Pearson Publications Latimer, P. (2005), Australian business law, Sydney: CCH Australia Ltd. Lindgren, K.E. (2011), Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Pendleton, W. and Vickery, N. (2005). Australian business law: principles and applications, Sydney: Pearson Publications Pathinayake, A. (2014), Commercial and Corporations Law, Sydney: Thomson-Reuters, Case Laws Bressan v Squires [1974] 2 NSWLR 460 Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council[1940] 1 KB Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805. Olley v Marlborough Court Hotel[1949] 1 KB 532 Parker v South Eastern Railway Company[1877] 2 CPD 416 Partridge v Crittenden[1968] 1 WLR 1204 Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise(1957) 98 CLR 93

Omar Musa TedX Talk Slam Poetry Flashcard

Omar Musa TedX Talk Slam Poetry

Commemorative speech on Michael Jackson Essays

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BY 20, HIS INCREASED FAME AND ESTABLISHMENT AS A RISING STAR ALSO HELP HIS BAND â€Å"THE JACKSONS† TO SELL MORE THAN A MILLION COPY FOR THEIR ALBUM â€Å"TRIUMPH† IN 1980. ONE OF HIS GREATEST ACCOMPLISHMENT IN HIS MUSIC CAREER WAS THE SONG â€Å"TRILLER†, WHICH STAYED ON THE CHART FOR 80 WEEKS AND NO. 1 SPOTS FOR 37 WEEKS, IN WHICH HE WAS LABELLED â€Å"KING OF POP† FOR HIS WIDE INFLUENCES AND LEGACY IN THE POP MUSIC WORLD. VOCALIST AND MUSIC STYLES FROM A SOPRANO-TURNED TENOR, HIS VOICE RANGE REMAINED HUGE FROM F2, AND TO THE EFLAT KEY ONE OCTAVE ABOVE THE MIDDLE C. USED THE TECHNIQUE OF â€Å"VOCAL HICCUP† – LIKE GASPING FOR AIR (UNQIUE METHOD) HIGHER TENOR RANGE COULD EASILY SLIDE INTO THE FALSETTO RANGE BETWEEN DIFFERENT GENRES OF SONGS, HE USES DIFFERENT FORM OF EXPRESSIONS WISELY (E. G. FAMOUS HEAL THE WORLD AND BILLIE JEANS, YOU COULD HEAR DIFFERENT STYLES. IN BILLIE JEANS HE WAS HEARD SCREAMING AND USING THE VOCAL HICCUP METHOD MORE THAN IN HEAL THE WORLD WITH HIS PRODUCED A MORE ROUND AND  THICK AND MELANCHOLIC VOICE). GOOD RENDITION CONVEYS HIS IDEAS AND FEELINGS THROUGH HIS COMPOSITIONS (FOR EXAMPLE, EARTH SONG DEALT WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL WELFARE) (FOR EXAMPLE, HEAL THE WORLD TALKS ABOUT NEED TO IMPROVE THE LIVES OF CHILDREN) (FOR EXAMPLE, BILLIE JEANS WAS WRITTEN IN DENIAL OF HIS FATHERHOOD OF A CHILD BY A LADY WHOM SHE MET) 2. As a dancer CONCURRENT WITH HIS SINGING CAREER, MICHAEL ALSO TRADEMARKED SOME HIS UNIQUE DANCE MOVES ACCOMPANIED BY SOME OF HIS SONGS LIKE â€Å"BILLIE JEANS† AND â€Å"GHOSTS†. THOUGH I AM NOT A DANCER, I AM ABSOLUTELY AWED BY HIS  DANCE MOVES SUCH AS THE MOONWALK, CIRCLE SLIDE, THE PELVIC THRUST AND THE SPIN, ALL OF WHICH SERVES AS A TRADEMARK ICON TO HIM. NO DOUBT, MANY DANCERS ALL OVER THE WORLD HAD BEEN GREATLY INSPIRED BY MICHAEL AS WITH THE MANY SINGERS AND MUSICIANS. E. G. MOONWALK, CIRCLE SLIDE, PELVIC THRUST, THE SPIN 3. As a Humanitarian NO DOUBT AS A WELL ACCOMPLISHED ENTERTAINER, HOWEVER, MICHAEL’S EFFORT AS A HUMANITARIAN SEEMS TO BE RELATIVELY UNKNOWN TO THE PUBLIC AT LARGE. HIS CONTRIBUTION AND EFFORTS IN SUPPORTING GOOD CAUSES EARNED HIM GUISNESS  WORLD RECORD FOR THE MOST CHARITY SUPPORTED BY A POP SINGER. SOME OF THESE EFFORTS INCLUDE Setting up the ‘Heal the World’ Foundation which aims at providing medicine for children and fighting world hunger, drug and alcohol abuse, and child abuse Michael supported the efforts of the NAACP, to fight prejudice against black artists. Raised $3. 3 million dollars during ‘Michael Jackson and Friends’ concerts in Korea and Germany for the humanitarian agencies ‘UNESCO’, ‘Nelson Mandelas Childrens Fund’ and the ‘International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies’. 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How would you define the the relationshipbetween the renaissance and Research Paper

How would you define the the relationshipbetween the renaissance and the scientific revolution - Research Paper Example This period that started in the 14th century is known as the Renaissance, and this great era has indeed left a great impact to the world. As it paved the way to even more transformations and changes, it became the gateway for the birth of the modern age because the changed spirit of invention, curiosity and exploration that developed among the Western Europeans during the Renaissance is the same spirit that is at this time, pushing civilizations and the world forward at present more than ever. A great number of new ideas, techniques and beliefs in art and literature are the models of ours in this day and age. The contributions of the people made during this explosion in writing, art and thought led to the innovation in artistic and literary techniques. This period also led to new beliefs, ideas and values. Art, painting and sculpture was given more importance during this period. Merchants and church officials became patrons of the art by financially supporting the Renaissance artists through donation and the display of art all over public squares. In this period, the change in artistic style was evident. The artists during the medieval period often drew and illustrated religious subjects and with spiritual themes to express a spiritual ideal. During the Renaissance, the paintings were religious. However, they used a realistic style copied from the classical models of Greek culture. Besides art, literature also changed in many ways. The works of these writers reflected their time, but they used techniques and methods that writers today rely on. Writers wrote in vernacular, or their local dialect or language. Writers also wrote literary works for many reasons. Some include expressing one’s ideas or interpretation on a subject. Other works were to depict the individualism and character or personality of their subjects. In these ways, they set in motion development

IB History Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IB History Course - Essay Example In some instances, they were actually used as death camps by literally working people to death intentionally, while in other cases people simply died because of the heavy demands and harsh conditions. Entire ethnic groups and races, such as Jews and Polish workers, were sent to these harsh labour camps to work until they died or at least wished to themselves that they would die to escape their miserable fate (Britannica Online 2008, Conquest 1991, and Noble 1961). The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the true purpose of the Gulags under the rule of Stalin. The investigation will cover the development of the Gulags, how they were used for different purposes, what work people were made to do in them, who were put in the Gulags, and how many people died. An analysis of these sections should indicate the extent to which these camps were actually death camps rather than labour camps. Much of the research will come from the following sources: Gulag: A History, by Applebaum; The Great Terror, by Conquest; and Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, by Montefiorte. The conditions in the Gulags were horrendous and of slave proportions. People were allowed to wear very little clothing, if any, and it was in terrible shape. Many nude photos of prisoners slaving away in the camps exist today; all one has to do is perform a quick keyword search on the Internet (Applebaum, 2005). The labor that they were subjected to was extremely harsh compared to anything that would be seen today. For example, prisoners were made to lag around large boulders, work in areas where heavy things were likely to fall on them, haul large amounts of lumber, and much more back-breaking work. They were fed very little and their meager meals in combination with the hard labor they were performing led to them being very skinny and unhealthy (Applebaum, 2005). Many times, it became physically impossible for a prisoner to handle the exhaustive physical labor and he simply could not go on. These prisoners were often whipped or beaten to death because it was taken by those who ran the labor camp that the person was refusing to follow orders. Other punishments were dealt out to these individuals as well, including starvation and isolation (Applebaum, 2005). These labor camps appear to be quite similar to Hitler's concentration camps in which many Jews perished. The main difference appears to be that the labor camps were punishment (and death) camps for the unlawful, while the concentration camps were death camps for the Jewish. In both, people were herded to them by the thousands, forced to work beyond what their bodies could handle, and were punished or killed as a result. People were lined up and shot execution style. People were herded into gas chambers. Some were just worked in the harsh weather conditions until they just fell over dead. 2. Development of the Gulags Individual camps were grouped together in what were called camp complexes. It is estimated that at least 476 of these complexes existed. Within the complexes were somewhere between 100 to over 1,000 different camps. Some camps were considered to be worse than others, with the top three on that

Finance 3301 questions Essay Example for Free

Finance 3301 questions Essay Broussard Skateboard’s sales are expected to increase by 15% from $8 million in 2012 to $9. 2 million in 2013. Its assets totaled $5 million at the end of 2012. Broussard is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2012, current liabilities were $1. 4 million, consisting of $450,000 of accounts payable, $500,000 of notes payable, and $450,000 of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 6%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 40%. Use the AFN equation to forecast Brous- sard’s additional funds needed for the coming year. Required increase in assets – Increase in spontaneous liabilities – Increase in retained earnings = AFN AFN=($5/$8)*$1. 2 – ($1. 4/$8)*$1. 2-$9. 2*6%*(1-40%)=0. 75 0. 21 – 0. 33=21% Chapter 10 Tony Company’s balance sheet shows $300 million in debt, $50 million in preferred stock, and $250 million in total common equity. Tony Company`s tax rate is 40%, rd =6%,rPS =5%,andrs =10%. If Tony Company get capital structure of 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is its WACC? Wd=30% ; Wps=5%; Ws=65% WACC=Wd*rd*(1-T)+Wps*rps+ws*rs=30%*6%(1-40%)+5%*5%+65%*10%=0. 0108+0. 000125+0. 065=7. 59% What kinds of the T-bonds is the best proxy for the risk-free rate is the yield on? Answer: A A, long-term B, short-term C, No one Chapter 11 A company creates value when the spread between EROIC and WACC is positive—that is, when Answer: B A, EROIC ? WACC = 0 B, EROIC ? WACC 0; C, EROIC ? WACC

Essay --

For a business there is many things that is required to keep that business in business. For example, In order to create an product the society must choose upon it’s needs, resources they have and choose based on it’s populations and other available markets.The factors of production is the readiness to work on answer the three questions (What?, How? and For whom?) in order to solve the problems of scarcity. Scarcity is a resources that is limited, a certain number of available resource. Or paying simple bills to stay in a certain location. To sell a certain amount products could affect how a business runs, based off it’s amount of products sold. And then there is the factors of production. Land isn’t about where something is located in a area, Labor is the help to create things, and Capital and Entrepreneurship are necessary to a business. What does factors of production got to do with land? Well Land isn’t all about where a business is located. It’s mostly about the natural resources, which for example are diamonds, wood, water, coal, gold, etc. And this deserves to be ranked first. I think so because with no resources no business won’t be able to run successfully. Aswell most resources have scarcity to create an product with could cause a business owner to look for for an alternative resource. If there wasn’t land in the factor of production, most of the businesses would fail because they won’t be making money by not being able to create products. So overall land should be first since you got to have resources in order to create other new products. How does labor affect the factors of production and what is it’s main purpose? Well according to Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, they say Labor is, â€Å" Labor is ... ...e they want to be successful without taking such high risks that could take their business down hill if they taken a risk. For sure every entrepreneur knows every risk can be good, but can have a negative effect if taken the wrong way. But to another person they would definitely disagree with my view because not everyone has the same opinion. But also other people have different opinions about how they see the factors of production too. For example some may see Entrepreneurship as being first because of being high of risk. Then they could see Capital second because of money and the equipment for a business. As for Labor they would say third because not much as important than the money and equipment a business would need. And finally Land being last because they might not care where some business is located, but not thinking natural resources out there for land.

Discussion Questions Week 1 Economics 365

Discussion Questions Week One Economics 365 TEAM C- WEEK ONE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. What is economics? What role does economics play in your personal and organizational decisions? Provide an example of the role of economics in decision making. (Ana K Gonzalez) * According to â€Å"What Is Economics? A Definition Of Economics† (2012): * Economics is the study of the production and consumption of goods and the transfer of wealth to produce and obtain those goods. Economics explains how people interact within markets to get what they want or accomplish certain goals.Since economics is a driving force of human interaction, studying it often reveals why people and governments behave in particular ways. There are two main types of economics: macroeconomics and microeconomics. Microeconomics focuses on the actions of individuals and industries, like the dynamics between buyers and sellers, borrowers and lenders. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, takes a much broader view by analyzi ng the economic activity of an entire country or the international marketplace (Para. 2 & 3). Economics play an important role in all aspects of life and sometimes people don’t realize that they are using economics day by day.With the use of economics people can understand how to spend time and money. Unemployment, technological progress, interest rates and budget deficits are important issues presented in our daily personal and professional lives. As students, economics can help us to acquire more knowledge about what kind of difficulties business in our region presents, how to solve it, and the difference procedures to follow to succeed as a business holder. 2. What is the difference between a movement along and a shift of the demand curve?What is the effect on the equilibrium price and quantity that results from an increase in demand, supply, and both? Provide examples for each instance. What is the role of supply and demand in decision making? Provide a real-world example . (Sonia Elias) The difference between a movement along and a shift of the demand curve in the movement along is caused by a change in the price of goods or services performed and a shift of the demand curve is caused because a change in any non-price determining on the demand and it can change to both side the right or the left.The effect in the equilibrium price and quantity that result from the increase in demand is the price goes up because of the demand of the product is more and also the quantity has its effect because with more demand it requires more quantity on the product. A good example is the petroleum now its price is going up because of the demand it is suffer. The role of the supply and demand takes the role of decide how much quantity will require to provide the costumers with their demands on a certain product; it makes the decision of require more quantity of products to supply the costumers. . What is the definition of price elasticity of demand? What is the relat ionship between price elasticity of demand and total revenue? How does price elasticity of demand affect a firm’s pricing decisions? How does the availability of substitutes affect the price elasticity of demand? Provide an example. (Chuck Crain) By definition, price elasticity simply means the way demand responds to price changes. The relationship between price elasticity and total revenue can be a very successful one or a total nightmare based on whether or not the product has good elasticity.As long as the product is something the general public either needs or is very high on their want list, then the product has good elasticity and the profits will continue to increase, thus making total revenue much greater. However, if the product is something society can live without, then the product has bad elasticity and total revenue will go down. When a firm decides to make or sell a product, many considerations go into their long term plans, such as will this product stand the t est of time and will it be profitable even in tough financial cycles.As long as the product has good price elasticity and the competition is low, then prices can be adjusted to meet the current market price or to increase revenues. However, if the product has a bad elasticity, then the business will have to decide on whether or not to raise prices, but this decision could cost the company money now and in the future because the customers chose not to pay a higher price. When people want a similar product without the high price, they turn to substitutes.This can include any generic brands of products that provide close to the same experience for the customer, without the higher price of their original brand. Substitutes greatly affect the elasticity of price, because people can choose to buy another product at a lower price, and basically get the same results from the product. An example would be if a person loves to drink Coke, but can’t afford the price they charge.The perso n would turn to a cheap brand such as Sam’s Cola and receive basically the same benefit, without spending the extra money. * Reference Principles of Macroeconomics. (2009). Retrieved from http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/economics/14-02-principles-of-macroeconomics-fall- 2009/ What is Economics? A Definition of Economics. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. whatiseconomics. org/ Why is economics considered social science?. (2012). Retrieved from http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Why_is_economics_considered_social_science

Social Work History Midterm - 3357 Words

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This first definition of progressivism within social work history, as a political movement, had two major impacts on social justice in the field. First, this movement led to major policies around social insurance and minimum wage, which continue to serve those in need in our country today. Secondly, this movement established a relationship between the social work field and the federal government for the first time, highlighting their ability to work together towards mutual interest. Culture within the Social Work Profession Progressivism as a political movement involving social workers began to crossover to a cultural movement within the social work field. This crossover led to two major tensions within the field at the time. The first tension was ideological, among the early social workers. The second tension was between the ideas of progressivism intersecting with the needs of the social work field. 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Fate A Chronological Concept Of The Novel A Tale Of...

Fate: A Predetermined Concept Victorian literature was written in England during the time period of 1837-1901, it shows the struggle of working people and the triumph of right over wrong. Charles Dickens the author of the novel A Tale of Two Cities tries to educate the readers about his specific time period he lived in. One of the main themes in the novel is fate; fate is something that a human being cannot decide. Dickens’ illustrates in the novel that fate is predetermined as seen in the lives of Madame Defarge, Darnay, and Carton. Madame Defarge encounters many coincidences that will ultimately lead her to her fate. Not only does Madame Defarge encounter her fate, she is also predicting other people’s fates. Dickens introduces Madame Defarge by saying, â€Å"†¦when the one woman who had stood conspicuous, kitting, still knitted on with the steadfastness of Fate.† In the beginning we do not know what she is knitting, but later we find out that she is knitting a registry of names of the people who will die in the revolution. Dickens often also describes her as the woman who seems to be innocently knitting and watching everything that is going on. Madame Defarge encounters another coincidence when she tries to go find Lucie before Darnay is sent to the guillotine. Lucie and Darnay secretly left Paris to head back home and Madame Defarge is unaware of that. Coincidentally Miss Pross tells Mr. Lorry, â€Å"‘what do you think of our not starting from this court-yard? Another carriageShow Mo reRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagessuggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especiallyRead MoreAp English Open Ended Questions For Exa5390 Words   |  22 Pages(or a period of insanity) of a main character plays a central role. Choose a novel or play of literary merit and write an essay in which you discuss the mental illness of a central character and the specific ways in which that character’s illness relates to the larger themes of the work. Avoid plot summary. 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Internet and Information Paper - 783 Words

Internet and Information Paper Your name University of Phoenix Media and American Culture HUM/176 Wendell Smith July 20, 2012 Internet and Information Paper Hello, It’s good to hear from you. You’re right to be fascinated about the internet; it can be a great tool. I use the internet nearly every day it’s like having a dictionary, thesaurus, almanac, encyclopedia, and library all rolled into one and open 24 hours a day 7 days a week. The internet is a great tool however finding the information you’re looking for is like finding a needle in a stack of paperclips, lots of information that’s similar but not quite what you’re looking for it. The most common tool we use to†¦show more content†¦The digital divide is a term used for to describe the growing distance between those with access to information and those who don’t have the access. We would be a perfect example of the digital divide. What makes us a perfect example would be your lack of access to the internet and electronic devices like smartphone, computers, and the internet and how I have access to all of that information at the tou ch of my fingers. One aspect of the digital divide is the speed in which people can access information. The difference between high speed internet and dialup can have a major impact on staying informed. One way we are trying to bridge the digital divided is by trying to increase access to the internet. Organizations like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have been leading advocates of provided the public access to the internet with networked computers in libraries since 1997. Some would say we are succeeding at least in the United States now that nearly 99 percent of public libraries have internet access available to the public. Now we are working on expanding the number of computers in those libraries. With the increasing use of smartphones the digital divide between different white Americans and African Americans shrunk greatly. Globally we face a harder time closing the gap since the digital divide closely follows behind the economic divide. As theShow MoreRelatedUsa Today an d Wall Street Journal Swot1643 Words   |  7 PagesLower Education Level Readers 6. More Popular in Lower Income Families (under $80,000) 7. Use of Google Ads 8. Popularity Greatly Exceeds the Competition Outside the WSJ 9. Short Distribution to Circulators Weaknesses 1. Decline of Paper Reading 2. Availability of Free Online Articles Before Subscription 3. Lack of Youth Appeal- Average Age is 50 Years Old 4. More of A Domestic Newspaper Compared to the WSJ, offered in London and a few select cities 5. 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Brutality And Complexity In Global Economy â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Brutality And Complexity In Global Economy? Answer: Introducaation A shared economy can be define as an economy where an individual has the capacity to originate or rent resources or services that are owned by some other individual being of that country. It can also be define as economy that shared all the resources and services in interchange of either suitable fees or may be compensation or open among the private individual of that country (Schneider et al., 2015). The system of shared economy is in use since the starting of the society. The process of sharing has been changed during the years but the purpose is more or less the same. The main objective of the shared economy has always been to enrich and enlightened the lives of the people of the country. Now a days, sharing has now become lot more possible, convenient and easy at a large level due to the introduction of internet in day to day life. In a shared economy there is the emergence of plentiful opportunities where the resources are used by a groups or individual in order to produce money but these things are absent in closed economy (Williams, 2014). Black Economy The segment of countrys economic activity that is derived from the sources that fall outside the countrys rules and regulation regarding commerce. The activities can be either legal or illegal depending on what goods and services involve. This is called Black Economy. On the other hand White Economy can be define as such portion of the economy where there is a proper accounts which is abides by the countrys rules and regulation. It is generally opposite of white economy (Schneider, 2015). In Black economy, the economy does not follow the guidelines and protocol of commerce of that country and thus the activity of such economy are not accounted for taxation purpose. An example of such economy is that the illegal weapons trade is the example of black economy. Another example is the payments of workers working in construction site where the workers are working legally but their payments are done illegally through cash so that tax can be avoided by both the workers and the person who is making the payments. The Uber is a business that operates in Australia under sharing economy and Cab charge is a business that operates under traditional business model. Both businesses operate in the same industry in Australia, i.e. in transport business. The objective of this part of the document is to explain the various aspects associated with the shared economy and more traditional economy and how these aspects influence the business operations of organizations operating under these economy models. As already mentioned in a sharing economy the private individuals are allowed and have the right to use the unused assets for their benefit in exchange of fees or free of costs depending upon the kind of resources or assets to be used. Traditional business model on the other hand is nothing like sharing economy as the assets in tradition economy are only allowed to be used by the owners for their own business and other purposes. These two organizations, i.e. Uber Australia and Cab charge, and their struct ures shall be discussed to under the characteristics of these two economy models better (Schneider Kearney, 2013). Uber Australia is a business organization that allows individuals to book cars and cabs according to their needs for travelling and commuting purposes. The concept of business of the company is to allow the customers to use the cars according to their needs by paying due fare. The structure of the business is such that it allows individuals to book ride instantly as well as advance bookings of ride for later periods by using mobile apps and online bookings (Guttentag, 2015). Whether the ride is for short distance or for long distance, the customers have the right to book rides according to their needs and requirements. The assets, i.e. in this case cars and cabs are though owned by the organization itself, i.e. Uber Australia, however, the individuals booking online and by using mobile phone apps can use these assets, i.e. cars and cabs, according to their needs and requirements in exchange of fare. The very premise of Uber is on sharing resources as the business is all about providi ng private cars and cabs on demand to the private individuals and public of a country. A worldwide business leader in its category Uber according to financial experts have a business turnover of over US$20 Billion however, surprisingly the company has only shown a tax bill of $18000.00 in Australia in its first tax bill in the country. This is quite surprising considering the huge business aspect of the company even in Australia the figure of $18000 seems quite low. The company, Uber Australia is a ride sharing company and has evolved its business around the globe on the concept of sharing economy. In fact the companys objective and goals are very much in alignment with the goals and objectives of a shared economy. An economy that allows free sharing of resources and assets owned by each other either in exchange of money or free of cost depending on the nature of resources and assets to be used is a sharing economy. However, there are numerous organizations that are operating in the country which do not believe in the concept of free sharing and follow a different economic model however, that does not take anything away from the positives of a sharing economy (Leigh Blakely, 2016). The structure of the company, i.e. Uber Australia is very much built on the concept of a sharing economy. In order to achieve an agile economy which is the objective of the Government of Australia including the prime minister of the country Mr. Malcom Turnbull compan ies like Uber, a ride sharing company, has a huge role to play and contribute to the overall development of the economy in the country. Considering the fact that the Australian economy is one of the earliest to be recognized as a developed economy in the globe it is not surprising to find numerous organizations in the country to operate under the shared economy model. According to a report the company, i.e. Uber Australia has delivered a whopping 5 Million rides in the year 2015 and the number of rides expected to increase in the future. However, the debt structure of the company should rang a bell in the managements ear. The company though is an important participant in sharing economy model however, the behavior of the company has become more or less align with other multi-national companies in the country. The company, according to an initial report has debt of $980000.00 from related entities which is far in excess of the first annual revenue of the company of $804000.00. According to the tax structure of the country companies with gearing ratio of above 60 per cent are allowed to claim tax deduction for repayments of loans. For a company which believes in the concept of shared economy is claims to be part of a sharing economy the structure of the company and its business model needs to be revisited to ensure that the operational characteristi cs of the company matches with the concept of shared economy (Kirchgssner, 2017). Cab charge is another business organization that is operating in the same industry as that of Uber Australia however, the business models and relevant economy models of the two organizations are completely different. Though both, Uber Australia and Cab Charge, are in the business of transport but the economy models of the two organizations are completely different. Whereas Uber Australia is an important constituent of shared economy model, Cab charge on the other hand is another organization which operates in more traditional way under traditional business model. Cab Charge as already mentioned works in more traditional business economy where the sharing concept is not followed (Meng et al., 2013). In a traditional business model unlike the sharing economy the private individuals have no right to use the resources and assets which are owned by others at free of cost. The customers in a traditional business model will have to make payments for each and every resources and assets to be sued for their own benefits. Cab charge is an organization that operates in transport business in the country following the characteristics of traditional business model. Cabchrage Australia Limited is a company listed in the Australian stock exchange and is an ASX 200 company since December, 1999. In the year 1976 the company established a payment system using which the customers can make account payment to the company for using the services of the company. In a joint venture with ComfortDelGro the company took 49% interest in Comforthdelgro cab charge. The company operates by taking booking services and dispatching services in exchange of fare in taxis in Australia. At present the company covers an astonishing 7000 taxis all across the country and is one of the largest cab service providers in the country (Winer et al., 2013). Despite the influx of competitions especially after the globalization the company has still been able to hold on to its major share. The management team and the executive committee of the company deserve a huge credit for the same. The companys cab charge payment system however, have come across number of criticisms from the r egulatory bodies of the country. In fact there have been numerous proceedings against the company for its alleged anti-competitive practices. In the year 2010 a Federal court proceeding was started for alleged anti-competitive practices including predatory pricing by the company which resulted in one of highest fines for any companies in the history of Australian economy and the company was forced to pay a fine $15 Million in settlement for its anti-competitive practices. In the year 1976 Cabcharge Australia Limited introduced an alternative payment system to cash payments for availing the services of the company. This brought about a huge revolution in the taxi industry as it got an alternative of cash payment system. The principle activities of the company includes the following: Businesses and individuals can make account payments instead of cash payments for using the cab services of the company. The company was one of the first companies to introduce non-cash payment facility in taxi industry (Kuehn, 2014). The company has point of sale system that allows the customers to make payment for availing the taxi services by using third party charge, credit cards, debit cards and products of car services. Development of software is another aspect of companys business. The company offers taxi booking and dispatch services. Development of hardware related to taxi services such as taxi security camera systems, taxi meters to account for the mileage, and other transaction processing equipment. Apart from the taxi services the company also runs buses and coaches in New South Wales and Victoria through joint venture business with its joint venture partners. The company operates in the traditional business model segment and thus, the main objective of the company is to maximize the profit from its operating activities. The company has been quite successful in operating taxi and other services over the years. Especially after the introduction of its non-cash payment system in the year 1976 the turnover of the company has increased significantly. However, with the increase in turnover there have been increase in controversies too (Summers, 2014). The company has found itself against the wrong side of numerous court proceedings; in June 2009 the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission started proceedings against the company alleging that the company has breached numerous fair trade practices and have violated competition rules to gain unjust advantage over its competitors in the market. ACCC began court proceeding in the Federal Court of Australia for alleged misuse of its power in the market to arbitrarily set prices to gain advanta ge over its competitors in the marketing. The court case was settled after the company agreed to three contraventions of trade practices (Allan et al., 2014). The sanction made by the Treasury in Black Economy Taskforce Interim Report says that through investigation sanction would be successful in order to decrease the involvement of shared economy to the problem of black money recommendation must be followed as in the report (Sassen, 2014). To decrease the influence of shared economy towards black money Treasury of Australia has made reference which are as follows. As of Australia maintain decent tax record so such firms are permitted to access to the procurement prospects. In order to motivate the business organization for following the same path, small business and organizations are to be allowed to receive incentives by them who has made investment in non- cash business. It is extremely essential to increase the Taxation Payment Reporting system. Payment method of contractors, payment of wages in case should be controlled in order to keep the provision for tax deductibility hassle of payments (Pickhardt Sard, 2015). The technology which are used to over power or destroy the sales figures must be banned. The business registration can be enriched through transformation steps of integrity. To the small business organization and small corporation essential and important training must be given which are related to taxation so that they could understand the process and thereafter apply its benefits in their own business. Based on the activities of Australian Taxation Office, funding must be increased. Regulatory taxes shall be deceased so that the small business firms are not over loaded with too much requirement of law. Limitation on cash payment shall be forced across the country for attaining better tax expansion across the country. A sharing economy that has reporting rule could be introduce in order to ensure well and better system of taxation. GST threshold must be reduced. Lowering of Reprieves of utilization. Introduction of Phoenix taskforce is essential. Reforms of beneficial ownership. Withdrawn of excess arrangement that are not necessary. The Government agencies must utilize with efficiency the documents privacy that must be increased. It is essential to implement the recommendation effectively in order to gain the goal of Black Economy taskforce. If the recommendations proposed by Treasury it should be implemented properly so that the desire objective would reduce the contribution of shared economy towards black economy (Enste 2015). The objective that will aid the government are listed below. Arrangements must be withdrawn which is not necessary and regulatory conditions must be increased. Reprieves should be limited or reduced Introduction of Sharing Economy Reporting Regime. No paying of cash incentives shall be increased Across the country cash based payments must be reduced or diminished. The small business and firms should reduce the regulatory burdens. Training should be there for small firms and business employers so that they bear by requirement of tax. Reference Allan, G., Lecca, P., McGregor, P., Swales, K. (2014). The economic and environmental impact of a carbon tax for Scotland: a computable general equilibrium analysis.Ecological Economics,100, 40-50. Colombo, E., Onnis, L., Tirelli, P. (2016). Shadow economies at times of banking crises: Empirics and theory.Journal of Banking Finance,62, 180-190. Enste, D. H. (2015). The shadow economy in industrial countries.IZA World of Labor. Fleming, D. A., Measham, T. G. (2015). Local economic impacts of an unconventional energy boom: the coal seam gas industry in Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,59(1), 78-94. Gomis-Porqueras, P., Peralta-Alva, A., Waller, C. (2014). The shadow economy as an equilibrium outcome.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,41, 1-19. Guttentag, D. (2015). Airbnb: disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector.Current issues in Tourism,18(12), 1192-1217. Kirchgssner, G. (2017). On estimating the size of the shadow economy.German Economic Review,18(1), 99-111. Kuehn, Z. (2014). Tax Rates, Governance, and the Informal Economy in High?Income Countries.Economic Inquiry,52(1), 405-430. Leigh, N. G., Blakely, E. J. (2016).Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Meng, S., Siriwardana, M., McNeill, J. (2013). The environmental and economic impact of the carbon tax in Australia.Environmental and Resource Economics, 1-20. Pickhardt, M., Sard, J. (2015). Size and causes of the underground economy in Spain: A correction of the record and new evidence from the MCDR approach.European Journal of Law and Economics,39(2), 403-429. Sassen, S. (2014).Expulsions: Brutality and complexity in the global economy. Harvard University Press. Schneider, F. (2015). Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 Other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2014: Different Developments?.Journal of Self-Governance Management Economics,3(4). Schneider, F., Kearney, A. T. (2013). The shadow economy in Europe, 2013.Johannes Kepler Universitat, Linz. Schneider, F., Raczkowski, K., Mrz, B. (2015). Shadow economy and tax evasion in the EU.Journal of Money Laundering Control,18(1), 34-51. Summers, L. H. (2014). US economic prospects: Secular stagnation, hysteresis, and the zero lower bound. Business Economics,49(2), 65-73. Williams, C. C. (2014).Confronting the Shadow Economy: evaluating tax compliance and behaviour policies. Edward Elgar Publishing. Winer, S. L., Profeta, P., Hettich, W. (2013).The political economy of taxation. Oxford University Press.